![]() Medieval Science and Technology: 530 through 1452 OVERVIEW: Philosophy, a precursor to science 51 The Hellenistic world and the Roman Empire 52 Other cultures of the period 52 Major advances 53 ESSAYS: The first great explorers 57 The first known date 58 Mathematics and mysticism 59 The elements 61 Early atomists 63 Three classic problems 64 Cast iron in China 68 Inventions of Archimedes 71 Salt and the fall of civilization 73 Domes, beams, columns, arches, trusses 74 Maps of the world 78 Why was the steam engine not used in Antiquity? 80 The great eruption of Vesuvius 82 The Almagest 86 Science and Technology in Antiquity: 600 BCE through 529 CE OVERVIEW: The Stone Ages 1 Knowledge among huntergatherers 1 The Agricultural Revolution and other revolutions 2 Civilization 3 A note on dating 4 Major advances 4 ESSAYS: The best rocks for tools 11 Stone technologies of the Old Stone Age 13 The first immigrants 14 Machines that go around 15 The first ceramics 16 Stone technology of the Middle Stone Age and Neolithic 17 New materials: tooth, bone, and horn 18 The first machines 19 Trade with distant peoples 20 What caused the Agricultural Revolution? 21 Building with brick and stone 23 Irrigation and the rise of civilization 24 Metals and early smelting 27 City life 28 Inventing and writing numbers 29 The invention of the wheel 31 The Iceman Ötzi 32 Mesopotamian mathematics 33 Early sailing 34 The calendar 35 How did the Egyptians build the pyramids? 36 Paddles and oars 38 Early units of measure 40 Egyptian medicine 41 Santorini and Atlantis 43 Science and Technology before Scientists: through 599 BCE (Kathie Kounouklos) Copyediting: Felice Levy Illustration Research: Susan Hormuth VB 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Editorial Assistant: Marianne Bunch Composition and paging: G & H Soho, Inc. isbn 3-9 printed in the united states of america Book Design: Robert Overholtzer and G & H Soho, Inc. Visit our Web site: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BRYAN BUNCH withĬopyright © 2004 by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans all rights reserved For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company, 215 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10003. ![]() ![]() A Browser’s Guide to the Great Discoveries, Inventions, and the People Who Made Them, from the Dawn of Time to Today ![]()
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